HomeDocumentationReferencesCAS standard abbreviations and acronymsIntroductionIn CAS databases, certain abbreviations and acronyms are automatically generated for terms in the abstract text, the keyword phrases, and the text modifying phrases for index entries. Most of these abbreviations have been used prior to 1982. Users need to know these standard abbreviations and acronyms to be able to use them in search profiles and identify them in text.
In this document, automatically generated abbreviations and acronyms in CAS publications and services are arranged in two lists. To guide users to abbreviations they need to include in their search profiles, Listing A is arranged in the alphabetical order of the full terms which are abbreviated. Do not use periods when searching CAS abbreviations or acronyms online. To provide explanation of abbreviations encountered in text, Listing B is arranged in the alphabetical order of abbreviations and acronyms.
Examples and Lists included on this web page:Examples of some terms ending in "-ology" that are abbreviated "-ol."Examples of some terms ending in "-ography" that are abbreviated "-og."Abbreviations for some common prefixed termsAutomatic retrieval of CAS abbreviations on STNSET ABB ON to retrieve CAS abbreviationsOnline help messageListing A (arranged in alphabetical order of the full terms which are abbreviated)--Standard Abbreviations and AcronymsListing B (arranged in alphabetical order of abbreviations and acronyms)--Standard Abbreviations and AcronymsCharacters and Symbols in Computer-Readable FilesConventions for Representing Greek Letters in Computer-Readable FilesConventions for Representing Symbols in Computer-Readable FilesIn addition to the terms specifically listed as standard abbreviations and acronyms, abbreviations are automatically generated for the following types of words:
Words formed by adding prefixes to terms normally abbreviated may also be abbreviated, e.g., "microchem." for "microchemical." In Listing A, words indicated by # on the left are those which, if prefixed, are generally abbreviated. (See, Abbreviations for some common prefixed terms)Words ending in "-ology" or "-ologic(al)(ly)" are abbreviated "-ol.," e.g., "geol." for "geology." (See examples)Words ending in "-ography" or "-ographic(al)(ly)" are abbreviated "-og.," E.g., "chromatog." For "chromatographic." (See examples)Plurals of noun abbreviations are formed by adding "s" to the singular abbreviation, e.g., "derivs." For "derivatives." Two exceptions are cases when a single abbreviation is designated to show both the singular and plural forms (e.g., "equil." For "equilibrium(s)" and words marked on the list with an asterisk (*) whose plurals are not abbreviated.Verb forms that require "s" are abbreviated by adding "s" to the listed abbreviation, e.g., "Compd. decomps. on heating" for "Compound decomposes on heating."Standard abbreviations and acronyms are not automatically generated for terms appearing in titles. However, in titles abbreviations used by the author may appear.
In addition to the standard, automatically generated abbreviations and acronyms, other acronyms, atomic symbols (e.g., Cl, Sb), and molecular formulas (e.g., NaCl) may also be used in CAS publications and services.
Examples of some terms ending in "-ology" that are abbreviated "-ol."anesthesiologylimnologybacteriologymeteorologybiologymethodologycardiologymorphologychronologynephrologycytologyneurologydermatologyoncologyecologyophthalmologyendocrinologypathologyenzymologypetrologyepidemiologypharmacologyetiologyphysiologygastroenterologyradiologygeologyrheologygynecologysedimentologyhematologyserologyhistologytechnologyhomologyteratologyhydrologytopologyimmunologyvirologyAbbreviation "-ol." is also applied to the adjective form, e.g., "pharmacologic(al)," the adverb form, e.g., "pharmacologically" and prefixed forms, e.g., "neuropharmacology" of terms ending in "-ology."
Examples of some terms ending in "-ography" that are abbreviated "-og.":angiographymetallographybibliographymicrographybiographyoceanographycardiographypetrographycholecystographyphotographychromatographyplanographycrystallographypolarographyderivatographyradiographyelectroencephalographyreprographyelectrographyspectrographyfractographythermographyfragmentographytomographygeographytopographyholographyxerographylithographyAbbreviation "og." is also applied to the adjective form, e.g., "geographic(al)," the adverb form, e.g., "geographically," and prefixed forms, e.g., "paleogeography" of terms ending in "-ography."
Abbreviations for some common prefixed terms *anal. (analysis)cond. (conductivity)mech. [mechanic(al)(ly)]electroanal.electrocond.biomech.immunoanal.magnetocond.electromech.microanal.photocond.micromech.radioanal.semicond.photomech.thermoanal.supercond.physicomech.at. [atomic(al)(ly)]thermocond.thermomech.diat.crystn. (crystallization)mol. (molecule, molecular)interat.cocrystn.bimol.monoat.electrocrystn.intermol.polyat.recrystn.intramol.tetraat.decompn. (decomposition)macromol.triat.photodecompn.monomol.chem. [chemical(ly), chemistry]degrdn. (degradation)supermol.agrochem.biodegrdn.supramol.biochem.photodegrdn.turbomol.cytochem.thermodegrdn.unimol.electrochem.detn. (determination)org. [organic(ally)]geochem.immunodetn.bioinorg.histochem.microdetn.bioorg.immunochem.dissocn. (dissociation)chloroorg.neurochem.photodissocn.electroorg.petrochem.predissocn.fluoroorg.photochem.elec. [electric(al)(ly)]inorg.physicochem.acoustoelec.metalloorg.radiochem.bioelec.microorg.spectrochem.dielec.oxidn. (oxidation)thermochem.ferroelec.autoxidn.clin. [clinic(al)(ly)]isoelec.biooxidn.preclin.paraelec.cooxidn.Subclin.photodielec.deoxidn.Hb (hemoglobin)photoelec.electrooxidn.cargonylHbpiezoelec.epoxidn.carboxyHbpyroelec.peroxidn.deoxyHbthermoelec.photooxidn.ferriHbequil. (equilibrium)reoxidn.metHbdisequil.thermooxidn.oxyHbnonequil.pptn. (precipitation)sulfHbpreequil.copptn.irradn. (irradiation)extn. (extraction)immunopptn.postirradn.coextn.soly. (solubility)preirradn.electroextn.hydrosoly.sym. [symmetry, symmetric(al)(ly)]reextn.insoly.asym.liposoly.unsym.* See "Standard Abbreviations and Acronyms," Listing A for a complete list of terms which, if prefixed, are generally abbreviated.
Automatic retrieval of CAS abbreviations on STNIn CAS bibliographic files on STN, e.g., CAplus or CA, you can retrieve CAS abbreviations automatically. Simply enter the commands SET ABB ON and SET PLURAL ON at an arrow prompt.
When you SET ABB ON, abbreviations are generated for all terms searched in the Basic Index, or in the specific fields that comprise the Basic Index. A separate posting line appears if any occurrences of an abbreviation are found. When you SET PLURAL ON, you also automatically retrieve plural abbreviations.
The default for SET ABB is OFF. To include abbreviations for all SEARCH and QUERY commands in your session, enter SET ABB ON at an arrow prompt. To retain the ON setting beyond the current session, enter SET ABB ON PERM.
Not all CAS standard abbreviations are available with SET ABB. CAS abbreviations for most units and multiword terms have been removed to keep false drops and irrelevant retrievals to a minimum. To see a list of terms for which abbreviations will be added, enter HELP ABB at an arrow prompt (=>) in the file. For more information on this SET command, enter HELP SET ABB at an arrow prompt.
SET ABB ON to retrieve CAS abbreviations=> SET ABB ON PERM SET COMMAND COMPLETED
=> SET PLURAL ON PERM SET COMMAND COMPLETED
=> S PRECIPITAT? 35280 PRECIPITAT?
75559 PPT
30694 PPTS
98131 PPT
(PPT OR PPTS) 59648 PPTD
2 PPTDS
59648 PPTD
(PPTD OR PPTDS)
13101 PPTG
131576 PPTN 1980 PPTNS
132847 PPTN
(PPTN OR PPTNS)
L1 258048 PRECIPITAT? PRECIPITAT? OR PPT OR PPTD OR PPTG OR PPTN)Online help message=>FILE CAPLUS =>HELP ABB When you SET ABBREVIATONS ON, abbreviations are automatically generated for the terms in the following list when the term or a truncated stem that would encompass a listed term is searched in the Basic Index, or in the specific fields that comprise the Basic Index.
Examples:
=> SET ABB ON SET COMMAND COMPLETED=> S CONCENTRAT?149313 CONCENTRAT?50824 CONC115142 CONCD9541 CONCG1035004 CONCNL2 1221846 CONCENTRAT? (CONCENTRAT? OR CONC OR CONCD OR CONCG OR CONCN)For more information on this SET option, enter HELP SET ABB at an arrow prompt (=>). For a list of fields in the Basic Index, enter HELP SFIELDS at an arrow prompt in this file.
ABSOLUTEDILUTEPHENYLABSTRACTDILUTEDPHYSICALADDITIONDILUTINGPHYSICALLYADDITIONALDILUTIONPOLYMERIZATIONADDITIONALLYDIMETHYLFORMAMIDEPOLYMERIZEDADRENOCORTICOTROPINDISSOCIATEPOLYMERIZINGALCOHOLDISSOCIATEDPOSITIVEALCOHOLICDISSOCIATINGPOSITIVELYALIPHATICDISSOCIATIONPOWDEREDALKALINEDISTILLATIONPRECIPITATEALKALINITYDISTILLEDPRECIPITATEDDECOMPOSINGDISTILLINGPRECIPITATINGDECOMPOSITIONDOSEPRECIPITATIONDEGRADATIONDEOXYRIBONUCLEASEPREPARATIONDERIVATIVEDETERMINATIONPREPAREDETERMINEDETERMINEDPREPAREDDETERMINEDDETERMININGPREPARINGDETERMININGDIAMETERPRODUCTIONFLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDEINHIBITORYPROPYLFLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDELETHAL DOSEPURIFICATIONLUTEINIZING HORMONENICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDERIBONUCLEIC ACIDNUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCENUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCESCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPYORGANICOXIDATIONUV PHOTOELECTRONListing A
LIST A
Full Term
Abbreviation
absolute
abs.
abstract
abstr.
#addition
addn.
additional(ly)
addnl.
adenosine 5'-diphosphate
ADP
adenosine 5'-monophosphate
AMP
adenosine 5'-triphosphate
ATP
adenosine triphosphatase
ATPase
adrenocorticotropin
ACTH
#alcohol(ic)
alc.
alkaline
alk.
alkalinity
alky.
#aliphatic
aliph.
all valence electron
AVE
alternating current
a.c.
ampere (unit)
A
amount
amt.
#analysis*, #analytical(ly)
anal.
anhydrous
anhyd.
angstrom (unit)
ang.
apparatus
app.
approximate(ly)
approx.
approximation
approxn.
#aqueous
aq.
#aromatic
arom.
#association
assocn.
associate
assoc.
associated
assocd.
associating
assocg.
asymmetric(al)(ly)
asym.
atmosphere (unit)
atm
atmospheric
atm.
#atomic
at.
atomic mass unit
amu
atomic orbital
AO
augmented plane wave
APW
average
av.
bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
BCS
barrel (unit)
bbl
becquerel (unit)
Bq
billion electron volts (unit)
GeV
biochemical oxygen demand
BOD
body centered cubic
bcc.
Bohr magneton (unit)
mB**
boiling point
b.p.
British thermal unit
Btu
bushel (unit)
bu
butyl (normal)
Bu
#calculate
calc.
#calculated
calcd.
#calculating
calcg.
#calculation
calcn.
calorie (unit)
cal
carboxymethyl cellulose
CM-cellulose
chemical oxygen demand
COD
#chemical(ly), #chemistry
chem.
chemically pure
CP
circular dichroism
CD
clinical(ly)
clin.
coefficient
coeff.
#coenzyme A
CoA
coherent potential approximation
CPA
commercial(ly)
com.
complete neglect of differential overlap
CNDO
composition
compn.
compound
compd.
concanavalin A
ConA
#concentrate
conc.
#concentrated
concd.
#concentrating
concg.
#concentration
concn.
#conductivity*
cond.
configuration interaction
CI
constant
const.
containing
contg.
corrected
cor.
coulomb (unit)
C
coupled electron pair approximation
CEPA
#critical
crit.
#crystalline
cryst.
crystallisation
crystn
crystallised
crystd
crystallising
crystg
#crystallization
crystn.
#crystallized
crystd.
#crystallizing
crystg.
cubic feet per minute (unit)
cfm
curie (unit)
Ci
current density
c.d.
cyclic AMP
cAMP
cyclic GMP
cGMP
cytidine 5'-diphosphate
CDP
cytidine 5'-monophosphate
CMP
cytidine 5'-triphosphate
CTP
debye unit
D
decompose
decomp.
decomposed
decompd.
decomposing
decompg.
#decomposition
decompn.
#degradation
degrdn.
degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit)
C**
degree Fahrenheit (unit)
F**
degree of polymerization
d.p.
density
d.
deoxyribonuclease
DNase
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
derivative
deriv.
determination
detn.
determine
det.
#determined
detd.
determining
detg.
diameter
diam.
diatomics-in-molecules
DIM
diethylaminoethyl cellulose
DEAE-cellulose
differential thermal analysis
DTA
dilute
dil.
diluted
dild.
diluting
dilg.
dilution
diln.
dimethyl sulfoxide
DMSO
dimethylformamide
DMF
direct current
d.c.
disintegrations per minute (unit)
dpm
dissociate
dissoc.
dissociated
dissocd.
dissociating
dissocg.
#dissociation
dissocn.
#distillation
distn.
#distilled
distd.
#distilling
distg.
effective dose
ED
#electric(al)(ly)
elec.
electrocardiogram
ECG
electroencephalogram
EEG
electromagnetic unit
emu
electromotive force
emf.
electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance
ESR
electron volt (unit)
eV
electrostatic unit
esu
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
#equilibrium(s)
equil.
#equivalent
equiv.
equivalent (unit)
equiv
especially
esp.
estimate
est.
estimated
estd.
estimating
estg.
estimation
estn.
ethyl
Et
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EDTA
evaporate
evap.
evaporated
evapd.
evaporating
evapg.
evaporation
evapn.
#examination
examn.
#examined
examd.
#examining
examg.
#extraction
extn.
experiment
expt.
experimental(ly)
exptl.
extended Hueckel molecular orbital
EHMO
extract
ext.
extracted
extd.
extracting
extg.
face centered cubic
fcc.
farad
F
fermentation
fermn.
flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAD
flavin mononucleotide
FMN
floating spherical Gaussian orbital
FSGO
follicle-stimulating hormone
FSH
foot (unit)
ft
foot-pound (unit)
ft-lb
freezing point
f.p.
gallon (unit)
gal
gauss (unit)
G
Gaussian-type orbital
GTO
gr. specific gravity
sp.
gram (unit)
g
gravitational constant
g
gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit)
Gy
guanosine 5'-diphosphate
GDP
guanosine 5'-monophosphate
GMP
guanosine 5'-triphosphate
GTP
hectare (unit)
ha
#hemoglobin
Hb
henry (unit)
H
hertz (cycles/sec) (unit)
Hz
hexagonal close-packed
hcp
highest occupied molecular orbital
HOMO
hour (unit)
h
Hueckel molecular orbital
HMO
hundred weight (unit)
cwt
hydrogenic atoms in molecules
HAM
immunoglobulin
Ig
inch (unit)
in.
independent electron pair approximation
IEPA
infrared
IR
inhibitory dose
"ID"
inosine 5'-diphosphate
IDP
inosine 5'-monophosphate
IMP
inosine 5'-triphosphate
ITP
intermediate neglect of differential overlap
INDO
international unit
IU
interstitial table_cell-stimulating hormone
ICSH
intramuscular(ly)
i.m.
intraperitoneal(ly)
i.p.
intravenous(ly)
i.v.
#irradiation
irradn.
iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital
IEHMO
joule (unit)
J
kelvin (unit)
K
laboratory
lab.
lethal dose
LD
linear combination of atomic orbitals
LCAO
linear combination of fragment configuration
LCFC
liquid
liq.
liter (unit)
L
low energy electron diffraction
LEED
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
LUMO
lumen (unit)
lm
luteinizing hormone
LH
lux (unit)
lx
magnetohydrodynamics
MHD
manufacture
manuf.
manufactured
manufd.
manufacturing
manufg.
mathematical(ly)
math.
maximum
max.
maxwell (unit)
Mx
#mechanical(ly) (not mechanism)
mech.
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
MSH
melting point
m.p.
melts at, melting at
m.
messenger RNA
mRNA
metabolism
metab
meter (unit)
m
methyl (not metal)
Me
mile (unit)
mi
miles per hour (unit)
mph
minimum(s)
min.
minute (unit)
min
miscellaneous
misc.
#mixture
mixt.
modified neglect of diatomic overlap
MNDO
molar (unit)
M
mole (unit)
mol
#molecule, #molecular
mol.
molecular orbital
MO
molecules-in-molecules
MIM
month (unit)
mo
multiconfigurational self-consistent field
MC-SCF
#negative(ly)
neg.
neglect of diatomic differential overlap
NDDO
neglect of nonbonded differential overlap
NNDO
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADP
nicotinamide mononucleotide
NMN
nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR
nuclear quadruple resonance
NQR
number
no.
observed
obsd.
oersted (unit)
Oe
ohm (unit)
O**
olal (unit)
m
optical rotatory dispersion
ORD
#organic
org.
ounce
oz
#oxidation
oxidn.
Pariser-Parr-Pople
PPP
partial neglect of differential overlap
PNDO
parts per billion (unit)
ppb
parts per million (unit)
ppm
pascal (unit)
Pa
perturbational molecular orbital
PMO
phenyl
Ph
#physical(ly)
phys.
pint (unit)
pt
poise (unit)
P
polymerisation
polymn
polymerised
polymd
polymerising
polymg
#polymerization
polymn.
#polymerized
polymd.
#polymerizing
polymg.
#positive(ly)
pos.
potential difference
p.d.
pound (unit)
lb
pounds per square inch (unit)
psi
pounds per square inch absolute (unit)
psia
pounds per square inch gage (unit)
psig
#powdered
powd.
#precipitate
ppt.
#precipitated
pptd.
#precipitating
pptg.
#precipitation
pptn.
preparation
prepn.
prepare
prep.
prepared
prepd.
preparing
prepg.
#production
prodn.
propyl (normal)
Pr
#purification
purifn.
Qualitative(ly)
qual.
#quantitative(ly)
quant.
quart (unit)
qt
random phase approximation
RPA
#reduction
redn.
reference
ref.
reflection high energy electron diffraction
RHEED
reproduction
reprodn.
resolution
resoln.
#respective(ly)
resp.
respiratory quotient
RQ
restricted Hartree-Fock
RHF
revolutions per minute (unit)
rpm
ribonuclease
RNase
ribonucleic acid
RNA
ribosomal RNA
rRNA
roentgen (unit)
R
roentgen equivalent man (unit)
rem
roentgen equivalent physical (unit)
rep
saponification
sapon.
saponified
sapond.
saponifying
sapong.
saturate
sat.
#saturated
satd.
saturated calomel electrode
SCE
saturating
satg.
#saturation
satn.
scanning electron microscopy
SEM
second (unit)
s
self-consistent field
SCF
separate(ly)
sep.
separated
sepd.
separating
sepg.
separation
sepn.
siemens (unit)
S
Slater-type orbital
STO
#solubility*
soly.
#soluble
sol.
#solution
soln.
standard
std.
steradian (unit)
sr
stokes (unit)
St
subcutaneous(ly)
s.c.
#symmetric(al)(ly)
sym.
tablespoon (unit)
tbs
teaspoon (unit)
tsp
#technical(ly)
tech.
temperature
temp.
tesla (unit)
T
tetrahydrofuran
THF
theoretical(ly)
theor.
thermodynamic(s)
thermodn.
thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH
titration
titrn.
triethylaminoethyl cellulose
TEAE-cellulose
ultraviolet
UV
United States Pharmacopeia
USP
unrestricted Hartree-Fock
UHF
uridine 5'-diphosphate
UDP
uridine 5'-monophosphate
UMP
uridine 5'-triphosphate
UTP
UV photoelectron spectroscopy
UPS
vol. specific volume
sp.
volt (unit)
V
volume
vol.
watt (unit)
W
weber (unit)
Wb
week (unit)
wk
weight
wt.
wt. specific weight
sp.
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
XPS
yard (unit)
yd
year (unit)
yr
zero differential overlap
ZDO
* Terms whose plurals are not automatically abbreviated by adding "s."
# If prefixed, these words are generally abbreviated. For examples, see the list of "Abbreviations for some common prefixed terms" which precedes Listing A.
** For representation in computer-readable files see "Listing of Characters and Symbols in Computer-Readable Files."
Listing B
A
ampere (unit)
abs.
absolute
abstr.
abstract
a.c.
alternating current
ACTH
adrenocorticotropin
addn.
addition
addnl.
additional(ly)
ADP
adenosine 5'-diphosphate
alc.
alcohol(ic)
aliph.
aliphatic
alk.
alkaline
alky.
alkalinity
AMP
adenosine 5'-monophosphate
amt.
amount
amu
atomic mass unit
anal.
analysis, analytical(ly)
ang.
angstrom (unit)
anhyd.
anhydrous
AO
atomic orbital
app.
apparatus
approx.
approximate(ly)
approxn.
approximation
APW
augmented plane wave
aq.
aqueous
arom.
aromatic
assoc.
associate
assocd.
associated
assocg.
associating
assocn.
association
asym.
asymmetric(al)(ly)
at.
atomic
atm
atmosphere (unit)
atm.
atmospheric
ATP
adenosine 5'-triphosphate
ATPase
adenosine triphosphatase
av.
average
AVE
all valence electron
bbl
barrel (unit)
bcc.
body centered cubic
BCS
bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
BOD
biochemical oxygen demand
b.p.
boiling point
Bq
becquerel (unit)
Btu
British thermal unit
Bu
butyl (normal)
bu
bushel (unit)
mB
Bohr magneton (unit)
C
coulomb (unit)
C
degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit)
cal
calorie (unit)
calc.
calculate
calcd.
calculated
calcg.
calculating
calcn.
calculation
cAMP
cyclic AMP
c.d.
current density
CD
circular dichroism
CDP
cytidine 5'-diphosphate
CEPA
coupled electron pair approximation
cfm
cubic feet per minute (unit)
cGMP
cyclic GMP
chem.
chemical(ly), chemistry
CI
configuration interaction
Ci
curie (unit)
clin.
clinical(ly)
CM-cellulose
carboxymethyl cellulose
CMP
cytidine 5'-monophosphate
CNDO
complete neglect of differential overlap
CoA
coenzyme A
COD
chemical oxygen demand
coeff.
coefficient
com.
commercial(ly)
compd.
compound
compn.
composition
ConA
concanavalin A
conc.
concentrate
concd.
concentrated
concg.
concentrating
concn.
concentration
cond.
conductivity
const.
constant
contg.
containing
cor.
corrected
CP
chemically pure
CPA
coherent potential approximation
crit.
critical
cryst.
crystalline
crystd
crystallised
crystg
crystallising
crystn
crystallisation
crystd.
crystallized
crystg.
crystallizing
crystn.
crystallization
CTP
cytidine 5'-triphosphate
cwt
hundred weight (unit)
D
debye unit
d.
density
d.c.
direct current
DEAE-cellulose
diethylaminoethyl cellulose
decomp.
decompose
decompd.
decomposed
decompg.
decomposing
decompn.
decomposition
degrdn.
degradation
deriv.
derivative
det.
determine
detd.
determined
detg.
determining
detn.
determination
diam.
diameter
dil.
dilute
dild.
diluted
dilg.
diluting
diln.
dilution
DIM
diatomics-in-molecules
dissoc.
dissociate
dissocd.
dissociated
dissocg.
dissociating
dissocn.
dissociation
distd.
distilled
distg.
distilling
distn.
distillation
DMF
dimethylformamide
DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase
deoxyribonuclease
d.p.
degree of polymerization
dpm
disintegrations per minute (unit)
DTA
differential thermal analysis
ECG
electrocardiogram
ED
effective dose
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EEG
electroencephalogram
EHMO
extended Hueckel molecular orbital
elec.
electric(al)(ly)
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
emf.
electromotive force
emu
electromagnetic unit
equil.
equilibrium
equiv
equivalent (unit)
equiv.
equivalent
esp.
especially
ESR
electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance
est.
estimate
estd.
estimated
estg.
estimating
estn.
estimation
esu
electrostatic unit
Et
ethyl
eV
electron volt (unit)
evap.
evaporate
evapd.
evaporated
evapg.
evaporating
evapn.
evaporation
examd.
examined
examg.
examining
examn.
examination
expt.
experiment
exptl.
experimental(ly)
ext.
extract
extd.
extracted
extg.
extracting
extn.
extraction
F
farad
F
degree Fahrenheit (unit)
FAD
flavin adenine dinucleotide
fcc.
face centered cubic
fermn.
fermentation
FMN
flavin mononucleotide
f.p.
freezing point
FSGO
floating spherical Gaussian orbital
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
ft
foot (unit)
ft-lb
foot-pound (unit)
g
gram (unit)
g
gravitational constant
G
gauss (unit)
gal
gallon (unit)
GDP
guanosine 5'-diphosphate
GeV
billion electron volts (unit)
GMP
guanosine 5'-monophosphate
GTO
Gaussian-type orbital
GTP
guanosine 5'-triphosphate
Gy
gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit)
h
hour (unit)
H
henry (unit)
ha
hectare (unit)
HAM
hydrogenic atoms in molecules
Hb
hemoglobin
hcp
hexagonal close-packed
HMO
Hueckel molecular orbital
HOMO
highest occupied molecular orbital
Hz
hertz (cycles/sec) (unit)
ICSH
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
ID
inhibitory dose
IDP
inosine 5'-diphosphate
IEHMO
iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital
IEPA
independent electron pair approximation
Ig
immunoglobulin
i.m.
intramuscular(ly)
IMP
inosine 5'-monophosphate
in.
inch (unit)
INDO
intermediate neglect of differential overlap
i.p.
intraperitoneal(ly)
IR
infrared
irradn.
irradiation
ITP
inosine 5'-triphosphate
IU
international unit
i.v.
intravenous(ly)
J
joule (unit)
K
kelvin (unit)
L
liter (unit)
lab.
laboratory
lb
pound (unit)
LCAO
linear combination of atomic orbitals
LCFC
linear combination of fragment configuration
LD
lethal dose
LEED
low energy electron diffraction
LH
luteinizing hormone
liq.
liquid
lm
lumen (unit)
LUMO
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
lx
lux (unit)
m
meter (unit)
m
olal (unit)
M
molar (unit)
m.
melts at, melting at
manuf.
manufacture
manufd.
manufactured
manufg.
manufacturing
math.
mathematical(ly)
max.
maximum
MC-SCF
multiconfigurational self-consistent field
Me
methyl (not metal)
mech.
mechanical(ly) (not mechanism)
metab.
metabolism
MHD
magnetohydrodynamics
mi
mile (unit)
MIM
molecules-in-molecules
min
minute (unit)
min.
minimum(s)
misc.
miscellaneous
mixt.
mixture
MNDO
modified neglect of diatomic overlap
mo
month (unit)
MO
molecular orbital
mol
mole (unit)
mol.
molecule, molecular
m.p.
melting point
mph
miles per hour (unit)
mRNA
messenger RNA
MSH
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Mx
maxwell (unit)
NAD
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADP
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NDDO
neglect of diatomic differential overlap
neg.
negative(ly)
NMN
nicotinamide mononucleotide
NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
NNDO
neglect of nonbonded differential overlap
no.
number
NQR
nuclear quadruple resonance
obsd.
observed
Oe
oersted (unit)
O
ohm (unit)
ORD
optical rotatory dispersion
org.
organic
oxidn.
oxidation
oz
ounce
P
poise (unit)
Pa
pascal (unit)
p.d.
potential difference
Ph
phenyl
phys.
physical(ly)
PMO
perturbational molecular orbital
PNDO
partial neglect of differential overlap
polymd
polymerised
polymg
polymerising
polymn
polymerisation
polymd.
polymerized
polymg.
polymerizing
polymn.
polymerization
pos.
positive(ly)
powd.
powdered
ppb
parts per billion (unit)
ppm
parts per million (unit)
PPP
Pariser-Parr-Pople
ppt.
precipitate
pptd.
precipitated
pptg.
precipitating
pptn.
precipitation
Pr
propyl (normal)
prep.
prepare
prepd.
prepared
prepg.
preparing
prepn.
preparation
prodn.
production
psi
pounds per square inch (unit)
psia
pounds per square inch absolute (unit)
psig
pounds per square inch gage (unit)
pt
pint (unit)
purifn.
purification
qt
quart (unit)
qual.
Qualitative(ly)
quant.
quantitative(ly)
R
roentgen (unit)
redn.
reduction
ref.
reference
rem
roentgen equivalent man (unit)
rep
roentgen equivalent physical (unit)
reprodn.
reproduction
resoln.
resolution
resp.
respective(ly)
RHEED
reflection high energy electron diffraction
RHF
restricted Hartree-Fock
RNA
ribonucleic acid
RNase
ribonuclease
RPA
random phase approximation
rRNA
ribosomal RNA
rpm
revolutions per minute (unit)
RQ
respiratory quotient
s
second (unit)
S
siemens (unit)
sapon.
saponification
sapond.
saponified
sapong.
saponifying
sat.
saturate
satd.
saturated
satg.
saturating
satn.
saturation
s.c.
subcutaneous(ly)
SCE
saturated calomel electrode
SCF
self-consistent field
SEM
scanning electron microscopy
sep.
separate(ly)
sepd.
separated
sepg.
separating
sepn.
separation
sol.
soluble
soln.
solution
soly.
solubility
sp. gr.
specific gravity
sp. vol.
specific volume
sp. wt.
specific weight
sr
steradian (unit)
St
stokes (unit)
std.
standard
STO
Slater-type orbital
sym.
symmetric(al)(ly)
T
tesla (unit)
tbs
tablespoon (unit)
TEAE-cellulose
triethylaminoethyl cellulose
tech.
technical(ly)
temp.
temperature
theor.
theoretical(ly)
thermodn.
thermodynamic(s)
THF
tetrahydrofuran
titrn.
titration
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
tsp
teaspoon (unit)
UDP
uridine 5'-diphosphate
UHF
unrestricted Hartree-Fock
UMP
uridine 5'-monophosphate
UPS
UV photoelectron spectroscopy
USP
United States Pharmacopeia
UTP
uridine 5'-triphosphate
UV
ultraviolet
V
volt (unit)
vol.
volume
W
watt (unit)
Wb
weber (unit)
wk
week (unit)
wt.
weight
XPS
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
yd
yard (unit)
yr
year (unit)
ZDO
zero differential overlap
Characters and Symbols in Computer-Readable FilesIn computer-readable files all characters of the Roman alphabet and numbers are represented in the same way as in CAS publications. However, no distinctions are made for italic, boldface, or small capital letters. Also, superscripts and subscripts appear on the line.
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